Evaluating Dental Arch Relationships in Indonesian Patients with Operated Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using Modified Huddart/Bodenham Index and Bauru-bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) Yardstick.

Background: Patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) have the most complex orofacial abnormalities despite its lowest incidence among cleft lip and palate (CLP) types. Impaired maxillary growth can result from surgical procedures in patients with CBCLP. This study evaluates dental arch relationships in Indonesian patients with CBCLP after undergoing CLP repair at Harapan Kita Children and Mother Hospital in Jakarta. Material and Methods: Using the modified Huddart and Bodenham (MHB) index and Bauru bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) yardstick, three examiners assessed 17 study models in the 9-year age group and 13 study models in the 12-year age group, as well as two intraoral clinical photographs of two patients with CBCLP. The assessments were repeated three times within two weeks of each assessment time. Results: Patients with operated CBCLP (aged 9 and 12 years) had edge-to-edge tooth relations, which were categorized as a mild crossbite or mild deviation, and only required orthodontic treatment according to the two specified indicators. Conclusions: The CLP repair protocol used at the Harapan Kita Hospital effectively manages CBCLP cases with satisfactory results, suggesting the effectiveness of the MHB index and Bauru-BCLP yardstick in assessing dental arch relationships in patients with operated CBCLP. Key words:Bilateral, cleft lip and palate, dental arch relationship, lip repair, palate repair.

Association between Chronic kidney disease and restless leg syndrome (RLS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is characterized by unpleasant nocturnal sensations in the lower limbs, and it has emerged as the fourth leading cause of insomnia and is often an underdiagnosed medical condition among sleep disorders. The symptoms of RLS are more common in chronic kidney disease patients than in the general population. Therefore, we performed the first meta-analysis to estimate the risk of RLS among chronic kidney disease patients. We conducted a comprehensive search in Embase, Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Data were analyzed with the random-effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software to find the odds ratio (OR). The heterogeneity was checked with the I2 test and Cochran's Q-statistic, and we performed the moderator analysis to find potential sources of heterogeneity. The study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of 1175 studies, we found nine studies, with a total of 18,983 participants. The pooled OR of RLS among chronic kidney disease was 5.64 (95%CI 2.70-11.78). Regarding moderator analysis results, it was observed that higher body mass index and abnormal laboratory results would increase the risk of RLS; however, the statistical test was not significant in the current study. The findings reveal a substantial sixfold increase in the likelihood of RLS when compared to the general population. Therefore, health professionals should encourage patients to adhere to the treatment and practice a healthy lifestyle to manage their condition and reduce the risk of RLS. Moreover, future research can develop an intervention to reduce RLS symptoms. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-024-00513-4.

Prevalence of sleep-related breathing disorders and associated risk factors among people with dementia: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) have shown to cause worsened cognitive impairment among people with dementia. Therefore, we conducted the first meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of SRBD among people with dementia. METHODS: Comprehensive searches were conducted in Embase, Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used for the pooled prevalence analysis and heterogeneity using I2 test and Cochran's Q-statistic in R-software. Study quality was assessed by Hoy's risk of bias assessment tool. Overall, 20 studies from 1282 studies were included with 1461 participants. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of SRBD among dementia was 59% (95%CI: 44%-73%) with 55% (95%CI: 34%-74%) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 49% (95%CI: 25%-73%) for unspecified SRBD, and 11% (95%CI: 5%-21%) for central sleep apnea (CSA). Regarding dementia subtypes, the prevalence of SRBD was 89% (95%CI: 61%-97%) for Alzheimer's dementia, 56% (95%CI: 48%-63%) for Parkinson's and Idiopathic Parkinson's dementia, and 16% (95%CI: 8%-30%) for Huntington's dementia. Significant moderator variables were male, body mass index, larger waist and hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and comorbidities including hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal disease, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable high prevalence of SRBD among dementia people, with OSA and unspecified SRBD being fivefold higher than CSA. Regarding dementia subtypes, Parkinson's and Idiopathic Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's dementia had four to sixfold increased risk of presenting with SRBD than Huntington's dementia. Therefore, assessment and management of SRBD in Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's and Idiopathic Parkinson's dementia deserves more attention in future research.

The Effects of Light Therapy on Sleep, Depression, Neuropsychiatric Behaviors, and Cognition Among People Living With Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: Alterations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus due to underlying pathologies disrupt the circadian rhythms in people living with dementia (PLWD). Circadian rhythms significantly impact sleep, emotional, and cognitive functions, with its synchronization depending on light exposure. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of light therapy on sleep, depression, neuropsychiatric behaviors, and cognition among PLWD. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, EBSCOhost, Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. The pooled effect size was calculated using the Hedges' g with random-effects model adopted in comprehensive meta-analysis software. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2.0) tool evaluated the quality of studies, while Cochrane's Q and I² tests assessed heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 24 studies with 1,074 participants were included. Light therapy demonstrated small-to-medium effects on improving sleep parameters: total sleep time (Hedges' g = 0.19), wake after sleep onset (Hedges' g = 0.24), sleep efficiency (Hedges' g = 0.31), sleep latency (Hedges' g = 0.35), circadian rhythm (acrophase: Hedges' g = 0.36; amplitude: Hedges' g = 0.43), number of night awakenings (Hedges' g = 0.37), sleep disturbance (Hedges'g = 0.45), and sleep quality (Hedges' g = 0.60). Light therapy showed small-to-medium effect on reducing depression (Hedges' g = -0.46) with medium-to-large effect on cyclical function (Hedges' g = -0.68) and mood-related signs and symptoms (Hedges' g = -0.84) subscales. Light therapy also demonstrated small effect on reducing neuropsychiatric behaviors (Hedges' g = -0.34) with medium-to-large effect on agitation (Hedges' g = -0.65), affective symptom (Hedges' g = -0.70), psychosis (Hedges' g = -0.72), and melancholic behavior (Hedges' g = -0.91) subscales. Additionally, light therapy also improved cognition (Hedges' g = 0.39). CONCLUSION: Light therapy could be used as a supportive therapy to improve sleep, depression, cognition, and neuropsychiatric behaviors among PLWD.

Factors that Influence the Use of Teledentistry in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the factors that influence the use of teledentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Material and Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design with 163 respondents was conducted. The factors of using teledentistry studied in this study were knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, technology, benefits, and needs. The original questionnaire was constructed in English, later translated into Bahasa Indonesia, and modified to conform with Indonesian. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate (Chi-square test). Results: Respondents who have used teledentistry were 23.3%, while respondents who have never used teledentistry were 76.7%. There is no relationship between knowledge about teledentistry and the use of teledentistry (p>0.05). There is no relationship between the use of teledentistry and knowledge (p>0.05), attitudes (p>0.05), and beliefs (p>0.05). Conclusion: There were no factors associated with the use of teledentistry. The most influencing factor is the benefit of using teledentistry, which can affect the increase in the use of teledentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prevalence of Simonart's band in cleft children at a cleft center in Indonesia: A nine-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Simonart's band is a soft tissue band that connects the cleft gap of the base of the nostril or the margin of the alveolus. While research on the prevalence of Simonart's band in cleft lip and palate cases has been carried out in various countries, research on Simonart's band in Indonesia has yet to be conducted. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of Simonart's band at a cleft center in Indonesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of cleft patients were reviewed retrospectively over a 9-year period at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center Center, Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients were divided based on the type of cleft and the type of Simonart's band. The results were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Out of 638 cleft patients from the period 2008-2016, 77 patients had Simonart's band. The liptolip band was most commonly found (52 cases, 67.5%). The lip-to-alveolus band was found in 20 cases (26.0%) and the alveolus-to-alveolus band had the lowest prevalence of 5 cases (6.5%). Associations between the cleft type (unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP)) and Simonart's band type were all significant (p = 0.001, according to Fisher's exact test), which indicates significant differences in the distribution of the bands with regard to different cleft types. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the bands between the UCLP and UCLA groups (p = 0.000). On the other hand, the distribution of the bands in the UCLP group did not differ much from that in the BCLP group (p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Simonart's band was significantly higher in the patients with the unilateral complete cleft of the primary and secondary palate than in the subjects with the cleft of the primary palate. In the UCLP group, most patients had the lip-to-lip band type. In the BCLP group, the majority also had the lip-to-lip band type. In contrast, in the UCLA group, the majority showed the lip-to-alveolus band type.

Characterisation of Polishing Frequency for Three Varieties of Sorghum Grain in Java, Indonesia.

To determine the suitability of different sorghum cultivars (grown in Indonesia) for the manufacturing of acceptable food products, their properties must first be characterised. During sorghum processing, polishing may affect the final nutritional value and quality of the product. This study is aimed at determining the effects of sorghum variety and polishing frequency on nutritional value. This was achieved by using a factorial randomised block design with two factors: sorghum variety (Bioguma, Numbu, and Super) and polishing frequency (once, twice, or thrice). Tannin content, antioxidant capacity, levels of dietary fibre and resistant starch, and fat, ash, and carbohydrate content varied according to sorghum cultivar. Compared to other sorghum varieties, the Super cultivar contained the highest levels of antioxidants, dietary fibre, fat content, protein, resistant starch, and tannins (although high tannin content could be lowered by polishing grains up to three times). The frequency of polishing affected tannin and ash levels in all three sorghum varieties. Polishing frequency also affected the antioxidant capacity of polished sorghum grains. The findings from this study should be considered when determining appropriate applications for various sorghum-based food products.

Blood Sugar, Haemoglobin and Malondialdehyde Levels in Diabetic White Rats Fed a Diet of Corn Flour Cookies.

The purpose of the study was to analyse the chemical composition of corn cookies containing different types of sugar and fat, and determine their effect on physiological parameters in diabetic rats. The experimental animals were studied using a randomised block design with seven groups of rats. The test groups were as follows: group 1, negative control rats (normal) fed standard; group 2, positive control rats (diabetic) fed standard; group 3, diabetic rats fed wheat cookies; group 4, diabetic rats fed C1 corn cookies; group 5, diabetic rats fed C2 corn cookies; group 6, diabetic rats fed C3 corn cookies; and group 7, diabetic rats fed C4 corn cookies. The tests on the rats revealed that the cookies had significant effects on blood sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA) and haemoglobin levels as well as body weight parameters. Corn cookies containing crystalline coconut sugar and virgin coconut oil (VCO) were effective at lowering blood sugar and MDA levels while increasing haemoglobin and body weight in diabetic rats. Significantly, after four weeks on this diet, rats with diabetes mellitus were in the same overall condition as normal rats. These findings suggest that these cookies may be gluten-free functional foods suitable for diabetics. These findings suggest that diabetics can safely consume maize cookies.

Sex and age differences in the COVID-19 mortality in East Jakarta, Indonesia: Analysis of COVID-19 surveillance system.

Demographic factors have been reported to worsen COVID-19 outcomes. However, there is limited evidence about the different effects of sex and age on COVID-19 death in East Jakarta, Indonesia. This study examined the Association between sex and age with COVID-19 mortality. Using COVID- 19 surveillance data of East Jakarta from March 2020 to December 2021, we calculated COVID-19 mortality and examined the risk of COVID-19 death by sex and age. The risk of COVID-19 death associated with sex and age was examined by using Multiple Logistic Regression. A total of 202.412 cases were analyzed and 1.9% of them died. The elderly had a 41.88-folds increased risk of COVID-19 mortality than younger patients (<45 years) (aOR 41.88; 95% CI 37.49-46.77; p-value <0.0001). Male had a higher risk of COVID-19 death compared to female (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.19-1.35; pvalue <0.0001). Age and sex had a significant association with COVID-19 mortality. Adequate management of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the elderly and male patients, may reduce the severity of COVID-19 or even mortality.

Gender differences in the relationships between sleep disturbances and academic performance among nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and poor-quality sleep, are common among nursing students and are closely linked with academic performance. OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances and academic performances in male and female nursing students and to determine gender-specific effects on the relationship between sleep disturbances and academic performance. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. SETTINGS: This study was conducted in a school of nursing in Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 492 undergraduate students (103 males and 389 females) were included. METHODS: Data pertaining to the biosociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory were collected from July 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018. Academic performance was measured using grade point average of the academic year 2017-2018. A multivariate logistic regression model was used for data analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness was 66.0%, 45.6%, and 24.3%, respectively, in male nursing students and 71.5%, 52.4%, and 28.8%, respectively, in female nursing students. For circadian rhythm preferences, 66% male and 51.7% female nursing students were categorized as intermediate- and morning-type people, respectively. Insomnia was the only variable among sleep disturbances that significantly correlated with the risk of poor academic performance in female nursing students even after adjustment of covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbances were highly prevalent among female and male nursing students, and insomnia was substantially associated with poor academic performance in female nursing students. Identifying sleep disturbances among nursing students and designing effective interventions to specifically target them are required to improve academic performance of female nursing students.

The Formulation of Cheese Analogue from Sweet Corn Extract.

Analogue cheese made from sweet corn extract was expected to fulfill the people's need for cheese and as alternative cheese made from cow's milk. The use of maltodextrin as a filler and citric acid as an acidulant was expected to improve the characteristics of corn cheese. The aims of this article were to (1) determine the optimum concentration of maltodextrin, papain, and citric acid in order to produce corn milk-based cheese analogue with the best characteristics; (2) determine the characteristics of cheese analogue produced using the optimum concentration. The research design used in this study was Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) with three factors: citric acid concentration (0.12%, 0.16%, and 0.20%), commercial papain (0.026%, 0.030%, and 0.034%), and maltodextrin (10%, 15%, and 20%). The optimum formula to produce cheese analogue with the highest protein content and yield was with the addition of 0.20% citric acid, 0.029% papain, and 20% maltodextrin. The cheese analogue produced from the optimum formula had moisture content of 61.590%, yield of 17.512%, total dissolved solids of 19.00°Brix, dissolved protein of 19.837%, acidity (pH) of 5.4, and fat of 6.976%. The sensory characteristics of cheese analogue spread from sweet corn extract are similar to those of cheese from cow's milk; i.e., it had a yellowish-white color, distinctive aroma of cheese, no sour taste, and soft texture and was easy to spread. Therefore, it was possible to explore the sweet corn as ingredient of spread cheese that has low fat content.